A package manager is a tool that automates the installation, upgrading, and removal of software packages or libraries. It handles versioning, dependency resolution, and distribution, ensuring that projects have the correct components they need to run. Package managers are essential in modern development because they prevent conflicts and make builds reproducible. They maintain registries of packages and allow developers to publish their own modules. Both system level and language specific package managers exist, each serving different roles.
how it works
A package manager reads a configuration file that lists required dependencies. It retrieves those packages from a remote registry, installs them locally, and updates lockfiles to ensure consistency. Examples include npm for JavaScript and system package managers like apt or Homebrew. Package managers also provide commands for running scripts and checking for security vulnerabilities. They support semantic versioning to determine when updates are compatible. Proper use of package managers improves maintainability and reduces manual configuration.